Roshanak Kavian
Co-Founder and CEO of Indigo Mars, a Los Angeles marketing agency.

Paid advertising is the easiest marketing service to sell badly, because the reporting can look impressive while the business sees nothing change. Impressions went up. Reach grew. Click-through rate improved. Meanwhile the phone rings the same amount it did before. The criteria below are the ones that actually separate an agency producing customers from an agency producing charts.
Find Out Who Owns the Ad Account Before Anything Else
This is the single most consequential question, and it is the one most businesses never think to ask. If the agency runs your campaigns inside their own Google Ads or Meta account rather than one owned by you, then every bit of history, every conversion signal, every audience you have paid to build belongs to them. When the relationship ends, it all stays behind, and your next agency starts from zero with an account that has no learning data at all.
The correct structure is simple: the ad account is created under your business, you are the owner, and the agency is granted manager access. That arrangement costs the agency nothing and protects you completely. An agency that resists it, or that explains why their setup is "more efficient," is telling you something important about how the relationship ends.
Ask it exactly this way: if we part ways in a year, do I keep the account, the conversion history, and the audiences?
Understand How They Charge, and What That Incentivizes
There are three common models and they pull in different directions.
A percentage of ad spend, usually somewhere between ten and twenty percent, is the most common. It is also the only one of the three where the agency earns more by recommending you spend more. That does not make it dishonest, but it does mean the incentive is pointed slightly away from the thing you want, which is the smallest spend that produces the result.
A flat monthly management fee removes that pull. The agency earns the same whether you spend four thousand a month or fourteen. The tradeoff is that at a very small spend, the flat fee can be a large share of your total budget.
Performance-based pricing, where the agency is paid per lead or per acquisition, sounds like the obvious answer and often is not. It usually pushes toward lead volume rather than lead quality, because a form fill counts whether or not the person was ever going to buy. If you go this route, the definition of a qualifying lead needs to be written down specifically before anything starts.
None of these is wrong. What matters is that you know which one you are in and what it quietly encourages.
Insist on Reporting Measured in Calls and Leads, Not Impressions
An impression means an ad was displayed. It does not mean it was seen, read, or acted on. Reach, impressions, and click-through rate are diagnostic metrics, useful for troubleshooting a campaign, and they are not results. Treating them as results is the central move in a bad paid ads relationship.
What a report should show, at minimum: how many phone calls came from ads, how many form submissions, what each of those cost, and how that cost has moved over time. For a business where the sale happens by phone or in person, call tracking is not optional. Without it, there is no honest way to connect ad spend to revenue, and the agency is working blind whether or not they admit it.
Ask to see a sample report from an existing client, with the client's identifying information removed. If the sample is built around impressions and reach, that is what you will be getting.
Ask What Conversion Tracking They Will Set Up, and When
This is the technical work that determines whether anything else can function. Conversion tracking tells the ad platform which clicks turned into actual business, and the platform's bidding algorithms use that signal to find more people like the ones who converted. Without it, the system is optimizing for clicks, which is to say optimizing for nothing in particular.
A competent agency treats this as the first week of work, before any meaningful spend. That means call tracking numbers in place, form submissions firing as conversion events, and ideally some distinction between a low-value action like a newsletter signup and a high-value one like a consultation request. An agency that wants to start spending before this exists is spending your money to generate data it cannot read.
Ask How They Handle Negative Keywords and Wasted Spend
In Google Ads, your ads can appear for searches you never intended to target. A personal injury firm bidding on "car accident lawyer" can end up paying for clicks on "car accident lawyer salary" or "how to become a car accident lawyer." These clicks cost full price and will never produce a client.
Negative keywords are the mechanism for excluding those searches, and maintaining them is ongoing manual work: reviewing the actual search terms that triggered your ads and adding the irrelevant ones to an exclusion list. It is unglamorous and it directly determines how much of your budget is wasted.
Ask how often they review search term reports. Monthly is a reasonable floor. Never, which is more common than it should be, means a meaningful share of your spend is going nowhere.
Be Specific About Performance Max and Automated Campaign Types
Google's Performance Max campaigns distribute your budget automatically across Search, Display, YouTube, Gmail, and Maps, with limited visibility into where it actually went. For some businesses, mostly e-commerce with strong conversion data already flowing, it works well. For a local service business starting out, it can quietly route a large share of spend into display placements that generate cheap, meaningless clicks and make the overall numbers look better than the results feel.
This is not an argument against using it. It is an argument for knowing whether it is being used, how much of your budget is in it, and what the agency can and cannot tell you about where that money went. An agency that defaults every client into automated campaign types and reports the blended numbers is making their own work easier, not yours more effective.
Expect a Straight Answer on Minimum Viable Budget
Los Angeles is one of the most expensive advertising markets in the country, and costs vary enormously by category. A click on a legal or home services keyword costs many times what a click costs in a less contested category, and a budget that would work comfortably in a smaller city can be too thin here to generate enough data for the campaign to optimize at all.
A good agency will tell you plainly if your budget is too small for the category you are in, and will suggest narrowing geography or targeting a cheaper set of keywords instead of taking the money and running a campaign that cannot work. An agency that accepts any budget without comment is not thinking about whether this will succeed.
Ask About Lead Quality, Not Just Lead Cost
Cost per lead is the headline metric in most paid ads reporting, and on its own it can be actively misleading. An agency can cut cost per lead substantially by broadening targeting and loosening the offer, which produces more, cheaper, worse leads. The number on the report improves while the business gets busier answering calls that go nowhere.
The question worth asking is how they will know whether the leads are good. The honest answer involves you: some feedback loop where your team reports back which leads turned into actual business, so campaigns can be optimized toward the source of those rather than toward raw volume. An agency that never asks you what happened to the leads is optimizing in the dark.
A Note on Instagram and Meta Ads Specifically
Meta advertising works differently from search in one way that matters for expectations. Someone searching "emergency plumber near me" has already decided they need a plumber. Someone scrolling Instagram has not. That makes Meta better suited to categories where demand can be created or where the visual is itself persuasive, and less reliable for urgent, high-intent service needs that people actively search for at the moment they arise.
If an agency pitches Instagram ads for a business whose customers find them through urgent search, ask them to explain the reasoning. There may be a good one, retargeting people who visited the site, for instance, or building recognition in a specific neighborhood. But "Instagram ads" as a standalone answer to "we need more leads" deserves a follow-up question.
Where to Go From Here
These criteria sit inside the broader set covered in Questions to Ask Before Hiring a Marketing Agency in Los Angeles. If you are weighing paid against organic reach, Organic vs. Paid Social: What's the Right Mix? covers that tradeoff directly.
If the underlying issue is that nothing is reaching your site organically either, this diagnostic is worth running before you commit ad budget: Why Your Website Gets No Traffic: A Diagnostic Walkthrough.
Want someone to look at your current ad account and tell you honestly what's working? Get in touch and we'll give you a straight read.
